LATE EVALUATION OF DYSPHAGIA AFTER HELLER ESOPHAGEAL MYOTOMY WITH DOR FUNDOPLICATION FOR ACHALASIA.

BACKGROUND: All available treatments for achalasia are palliative and aimed to eliminate the flow resistance caused by a hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. AIM: To analyze the positive and negative prognostic factors in the improvement of dysphagia and to evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing surgery to treat esophageal achalasia by comparing findings before, immediately after, and in long follow-up. METHODS: A total of 84 patients who underwent surgery for achalasia between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. The evaluation protocol with dysphagia scores compared preoperative, immediate (up to three months) postoperative and late (over one year) postoperative scores to estimate quality of life. RESULTS: The surgical procedure was Heller-Dor in 100% of cases, with 84 cases performed laparoscopically. The percent reduction in pre- and immediate postoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressurewas 60.35% in the success group and 32.49% in the failure group. Regarding the late postoperative period, the mean percent decrease was 60.15% in the success group and 31.4% in the failure group. The mean overall drop in dysphagia score between the pre- and immediate postoperative periods was 7.33 points, which represents a decrease of 81.17%. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction greater than 60% percent in lower esophageal sphincter pressurebetween the pre- and postoperative periods suggests that this metric is a predictor of good prognosis for surgical response. Surgical treatment was able to have a good affect in quality of life and drastically changed dysphagia over time.

Late evaluation of dysphagia after heller esophageal myotomy with dor fundoplication for achalasia / Avaliação tardia da disfagia após cardiomiotomia à heller com fundoplicatura a dor para acalásia

ABSTRACT Background: All available treatments for achalasia are palliative and aimed to eliminate the flow resistance caused by a hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. Aim: To analyze the positive and negative prognostic factors in the improvement of dysphagia and to evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing surgery to treat esophageal achalasia by comparing findings before, immediately after, and in long follow-up. Methods: A total of 84 patients who underwent surgery for achalasia between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. The evaluation protocol with dysphagia scores compared preoperative, immediate (up to three months) postoperative and late (over one year) postoperative scores to estimate quality of life. Results: The surgical procedure was Heller-Dor in 100% of cases, with 84 cases performed laparoscopically. The percent reduction in pre- and immediate postoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressurewas 60.35% in the success group and 32.49% in the failure group. Regarding the late postoperative period, the mean percent decrease was 60.15% in the success group and 31.4% in the failure group. The mean overall drop in dysphagia score between the pre- and immediate postoperative periods was 7.33 points, which represents a decrease of 81.17%. Conclusions: Reduction greater than 60% percent in lower esophageal sphincter pressurebetween the pre- and postoperative periods suggests that this metric is a predictor of good prognosis for surgical response. Surgical treatment was able to have a good affect in quality of life and drastically changed dysphagia over time.

RESUMO Racional: Todos os tratamentos disponíveis para a acalásia são paliativos e visam eliminar a resistência ao fluxo causada por esfíncter esofágico inferior hipertenso. Objetivos: Avaliar os fatores prognósticos positivos e negativos na melhora da disfagia e avaliar a qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para tratar a acalásia esofágica, comparando os achados antes, imediatamente após e tardiamente à operação. Métodos : Foram estudados retrospectivamente 84 pacientes submetidos à operação de acalásia entre 2001 e 2014. O protocolo de avaliação com escores de disfagia comparou os escores pré-operatórios, do pós-operatório imediato (até três meses) e pontuação pós-operatória tardia (acima de um ano) para estimar a qualidade de vida. Resultados: O procedimento cirúrgico foi Heller-Dor em 100% dos casos, com 84 casos laparoscópicos. A redução percentual na pressão do esfíncter esofágico inferior pré e pós-operatório imediato foi de 60,35% no grupo de sucesso e de 32,49% no grupo de falha. Em relação ao período pós-operatório tardio, a redução percentual média foi de 60,15% no grupo de sucesso e 31,4% no grupo de falência. A queda média do escore de disfagia entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório imediato foi de 7,33 pontos, o que representa diminuição de 81,17%. Conclusões: A redução de mais de 60% da pressão do esfíncter esofágico inferior entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório sugere que ela é preditora de bom prognóstico cirúrgico. O tratamento cirúrgico foi capaz de contribuir na qualidade de vida e alterar em muito a disfagia em longo prazo.

Um estudo sobre a amizade como estratégia pedagógica: o significado dado por estudantes de medicina / Un estudio sobre la amistad como estrategia educativa: el significadoatribuido por estudiantes de medicina / A study on friendship as educational strategy: its meaning by medical students

Objective: To diagnose Friendship as a teaching device. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. Main question: What does Friendship mean and a friendly teacher? Results: Psychosomatic Medicine classroom, 2015/2nd Semester; 16 white students of 6th, 7th and 8th semesters of medical school; two at 2nd graduation; 12 female/4 male; mean age 25 years; most have two siblings; from Southeast and one from Midwest; three were married; two had children. Friendship as a feature of human essence, a communication of the sensitive body. They think teacher as someone fulfilling their will. Conclusion: Educational activities in education, training and health actions should include feeling and will of students. The teachers need to acquire teaching skills of human spirituality.

Objetivo: Diagnosticar a Amizade como estratégia didática. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo exploratório e descritivo. Questão norteadora: o que é Amizade e um professor amigo? Resultados: A sala de aula, Medicina Psicossomática, 2015/2º Semestre; 16 alunos brancos, no 6º, 7º e 8º períodos da medicina; 2, segunda graduação; 12 sexo feminino/4 masculino; idade média +/- 25 anos; a maioria, 2 irmãos; provenientes Sudeste e Centro-Oeste; 3 casados; 2 com filhos. A Amizade, característica da essência humana, comunicação dos significados do corpo sensível. Os alunos pensam o professor, realizador do seu querer. Conclusão: As atividades pedagógicas na educação, formação e ação na saúde precisam incluir o sentir e o querer dos discentes. Os docentes necessitam competências da espiritualidade humana.

Objetivo: Diagnosticar Amistad como estrategia de enseñanza. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo. Pregunta principal: ¿Qué es la Amistad y un profesor amigo? Resultados: Clase Medicina Psicosomática, 2015, 2º Semestre; 16 estudiantes blancos del 6º, 7º y8º períodos de graduación en medicina; 2 en segunda graduación; 12 sexo femenino/4 sexo masculino; edad promedio 25 años, mayoríacon 2 hermanos, región sudeste y 1 del centro-oeste; 3 casados; 2 conniños. Revelaron la Amistad como característica de esencia humana, comunicación de significados del cuerpo sensible. Ven al profesor comorealizador de su voluntad. Conclusión: Actividades educativas, formacióny acción en salud deben incluir sentimiento y aspiración de estudiantes. Docentes necesitan habilidades de espiritualidad humana.

Conventional inguinal hernia repair with self-fixating mesh versus totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair with polypropylene mesh: early postoperative results. / Herniorrafia inguinal convencional com tela autofixante versus videolaparoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal com tela de polipropileno: resultados no pós-operatório precoce.

OBJECTIVE:: to evaluate the early postoperative results of inguinal hernia repair by the conventional technique with self-fixating mesh versus laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair with polypropylene mesh. We compared pain, surgical time and early complications. METHODS:: this is a prospective, case-series study of 80 consecutive patients treated in the surgical clinic of the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital (HUGG). We included patients with unilateral inguinal hernia, not relapsed and operated only on an elective basis. We divided patients into two groups of 40 patients each, SF group (conventional technique using self-fixating mesh) and LP group (laparoscopic technique with polypropylene mesh). We followed patients up until the 45th postoperative day. RESULTS:: of the 80 patients, 98.7% were male and the majority had indirect right inguinal hernias (Nyhus II). There was no difference between the groups studied in respect to pain and operative time. However, more complications occurred (seroma and hematoma) in the open surgery group. CONCLUSION:: both operations have proved feasible, safe and with minimal postoperative pain and a low operating time.

Herniorrafia inguinal convencional com tela autofixante versus videolaparoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal com tela de polipropileno: resultados no pós-operatório precoce / Conventional inguinal hernia repair with self-fixating mesh versus totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair with polypropylene mesh: early postoperative results

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o resultado no pós-operatório precoce do tratamento da hérnia inguinal pela técnica convencional com tela autofixante versus videolaparoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal com uso da tela de polipropileno. Foram comparados, sobretudo, dor, tempo cirúrgico e complicações precoces. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, de série de casos, realizado na Clínica Cirúrgica A, do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG), no qual 80 casos consecutivos foram estudados. Apenas pacientes com hérnia inguinal unilateral, não recidivada e operadas em caráter eletivo foram incluídas no estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de 40 pacientes cada; grupo AF (técnica convencional com uso de tela autofixante) e grupo VL (técnica videolaparoscópica com uso de tela de polipropileno). Os pacientes foram acompanhados até o 45º dia de pós-operatório. Resultados: dos 80 pacientes operados no estudo, 98,7% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a maioria era portadora de hérnia inguinal direita indireta (Nyhus II). Não houve diferença entre os grupos estudados no que diz respeito à dor e tempo operatório. No entanto, ocorreram mais complicações (seroma e hematoma) no grupo da cirurgia aberta. Conclusão: as duas operações realizadas se mostraram factíveis, seguras e estão relacionadas à mínima dor pós operatório e a um baixo tempo cirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the early postoperative results of inguinal hernia repair by the conventional technique with self-fixating mesh versus laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair with polypropylene mesh. We compared pain, surgical time and early complications. Methods: this is a prospective, case-series study of 80 consecutive patients treated in the surgical clinic of the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital (HUGG). We included patients with unilateral inguinal hernia, not relapsed and operated only on an elective basis. We divided patients into two groups of 40 patients each, SF group (conventional technique using self-fixating mesh) and LP group (laparoscopic technique with polypropylene mesh). We followed patients up until the 45th postoperative day. Results: of the 80 patients, 98.7% were male and the majority had indirect right inguinal hernias (Nyhus II). There was no difference between the groups studied in respect to pain and operative time. However, more complications occurred (seroma and hematoma) in the open surgery group. Conclusion: both operations have proved feasible, safe and with minimal postoperative pain and a low operating time.

Adequate lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis between open and laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, a lymphadenectomy is considered adequate when at least 12 lymph nodes are removed. AIM: To evaluate whether videolaparoscopic surgery positively affects the rates of adequate lymphadenectomy. METHODS: An observational study was conducted with patients undergoing either open or videolaparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2013. The following variables were collected: gender, age, tumor site, histology, degree of differentiation, tumor stage, number of lymph nodes removed, and number of lymph nodes affected by the disease. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients with colorectal cancer were included; 42 (67.7%) received open surgery, and 20 (32.3%) laparoscopic surgery. Regarding lymphadenectomy, a mean of 13 lymph nodes (95% CI: 10-16) were removed in the group that received open surgery, while 19 lymph nodes were removed (95% CI: 14-24) in the laparoscopic surgery group (p=0.021). Adequate lymphadenectomy (removal of at least 12 lymph nodes) was achieved in 58.1% of the total cases, in 50.0% of the patients who received open surgery, and in 75% of those who received laparoscopic surgery. Non-elderly patients and those with an advanced disease stage were more likely to receive an adequate lymphadenectomy (p=0.004 and p=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION: Disease stage and patient age were the factors that had the greatest influence on achieving an adequate lymphadenectomy. The type of surgery did not affect the number of lymph nodes removed.

Adequate lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis between open and laparoscopic surgery / Linfadenectomia adequada para o câncer colorretal: análise comparativa entre procedimento cirúrgico aberto e laparoscópico

BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, a lymphadenectomy is considered adequate when at least 12 lymph nodes are removed. AIM: To evaluate whether videolaparoscopic surgery positively affects the rates of adequate lymphadenectomy. METHODS: An observational study was conducted with patients undergoing either open or videolaparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2013. The following variables were collected: gender, age, tumor site, histology, degree of differentiation, tumor stage, number of lymph nodes removed, and number of lymph nodes affected by the disease. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients with colorectal cancer were included; 42 (67.7%) received open surgery, and 20 (32.3%) laparoscopic surgery. Regarding lymphadenectomy, a mean of 13 lymph nodes (95% CI: 10-16) were removed in the group that received open surgery, while 19 lymph nodes were removed (95% CI: 14-24) in the laparoscopic surgery group (p=0.021). Adequate lymphadenectomy (removal of at least 12 lymph nodes) was achieved in 58.1% of the total cases, in 50.0% of the patients who received open surgery, and in 75% of those who received laparoscopic surgery. Non-elderly patients and those with an advanced disease stage were more likely to receive an adequate lymphadenectomy (p=0.004 and p=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION: Disease stage and patient age were the factors that had the greatest influence on achieving an adequate lymphadenectomy. The type of surgery did not affect the number of lymph nodes removed. .

RACIONAL: No tratamento cirúrgico do câncer colorretal, a linfadenectomia é considerada adequada quando pelo menos 12 linfonodos são removidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a operação videolaparoscópica afeta positivamente as taxas de linfadenectomia adequada. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional foi realizado com pacientes submetidos à operação aberta ou videolaparoscópica para câncer colorretal entre 2008 e 2013. As seguintes variáveis ​​foram coletadas: gênero, idade, localização do tumor, histologia, grau de diferenciação, estágio do tumor, número de linfonodos removidos , e número de nódulos linfáticos afetados pela doença. RESULTADOS: Um total de 62 pacientes com câncer colorretal foram incluídos; 42 (67,7%) receberam operação aberta e 20 (32,3%) laparoscópica. Quanto à linfadenectomia, média de 13 nódulos linfáticos (95% CI: 10-16) foram removidos no grupo que recebeu a operação aberta, enquanto 19 linfonodos foram removidos (IC 95%: 14-24) no grupo laparoscópico (p=0,021). Linfadenectomia adequada (remoção de, pelo menos, 12 nódulos linfáticos) foi obtida em 58,1% dos casos no total, em 50,0% dos pacientes que receberam a operação aberta, e em 75% dos que receberam a laparoscópica. Pacientes não idosos e aqueles com estágio avançado da doença eram mais propensos a receber linfadenectomia adequada (p=0,004 e p=0,035, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O estágio da doença e a idade do paciente foram os fatores que tiveram a maior influência sobre a realização de linfadenectomia adequada. O tipo de procedimento cirúrgico não afetou o número de linfonodos removidos. .

Efeito das dietas à base de aminoácidos livres e de caseína no comportamento metabólico-nutricional e na adaptação da mucosa do intestino delgado de ratos após enterectomia extensa / Effect of diets based on casein and free amino acids in nutritional metabolic behavior and adaptation of the mucosa of the small intestine of rats after extensive bowel resection

Estudou-se neste trabalho os possíveis efeitos de diferentes fontes nitrogenadas da dieta, representadas pela mistura de aminoácidos livres e por uma proteína íntegra-caseína, no comportamento metabólico-nutricional e na resposta de adaptação da mucosa do intestino delgado de ratos submetidos a enterectomia...Os resultado permitem concluir que sob o aspecto metabólico-nutricional, a adieta à base de aminoácidos livres mostrou-se mais eficiente na fase inicial após a cirurgia segundo e terceiro períodos), bem como foi capaz de promover melhor resposta adaptativa na mucosa do remanescente intestinal dos animais enterectomizados, e finalmente, que a fonte nitrogenada interfere na resposta de adaptação da mucosa intestinal após enterectomia extensa.

Linfoma primário da próstata / Primary lymphoma of prostate

É apresentado um caso de linfoma primitivo da próstata com quadro clínico de hiperplasia nodular da próstata. É discutida a evoluçäo da doença, a qual teve repercussöes para glândula salivar submandibular e posterior comprimetimento do retroperitônio e do parênquima hepático